History of Mongolia - The Mongolian empire following the death of Genghis Khan (after 1227)
At the death of the great Khan, the empire is divided between the five son. At Toluï, the control center of Mongolia is given to Hülegü Persia, Chaghatai to Central Asia in Batu, Eurasia. But two years after the death of Genghis Khan, Tolui dies. It Ogedeï which then takes control of the empire. The latter was still in the process this time to fight with the Mongolian army to further expand the Mongol empire. It will continue the ravages of his father overcomes cities Novgorod and Kiev. It comes to the Volga in 1240. It will submit Hungary, Lithuania and all the peripheral countries. Also at the head of his army, he will visit Poland (Krakow until it burn). When Western Europe are beginning to see the threat of the Golden Horde, Ogedeï returns in 1241 in Mongolia. His two brothers are dying and wishes that Genghis Khan had expressed before his death dictated that Ögedeï who should take the reins of the Mongol Empire until the democratic election of a new leader. On the death of Ögedeï is his widow who took control of the empire, setting up his son Güyük in 1246. But due to his growing unpopularity, he was poisoned. Another part of the Great Khan's family (with Mönkhe) will take control of the Mongolian Empire. At the same time, the last son of Genghis Khan, Hülegü, invaded Iran and destroyed Baghdad. Following the death of Mönkhe Mongolia, the conquests of Hülegü (and therefore the expansion of the Mongol Empire) stops at the doors of Egypt. In 1259, it is time to elect a new leader for the Mongol Empire.
1260: The end of the expansion of the Mongol empire with Kubilai Khan
It is the small son of Genghis Khan, Kubilai Khan (1216-1294) who becomes the emperor of the Mongol Empire and the Chinese Yuan dynasty (1271-1368). The new leader of the empire changed Khanbalik for the capital city today known as Beijing. It is in this city, in 1274, the Kubilai Khan meets the great European adventurer Marco Polo. The Mongolian Empire reached its zenith in 1260 when the Mamluks defeat the Mongols in Egypt. To the east, conquests are also hampered when 140 000 Mongolian soldiers are killed in a typhoon in an attempted invasion of Japan. When that includes the expansion of the empire is at its maximum, it focuses to manage as it is. It extend from Korea to Hungary and Vietnam to Russia via Georgia, South Caucasus countries. It is the largest empire ever established.
Projects to counter famine are established by the Mongolian dynasty. During the reign of Mongolia, the 60 0000 000 Chinese adminisrés are approximately 150 000 Mongolian. On the death of Kubilai Khan, in 1294, the Mongolian quiet lose power in hands of the Chinese whom they depend. Finally Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) who push their current territory.
The end of the Mongol Empire
Following the end of the Yuan Dynasty (led by the Mongolian) more than 60 000 Mongolian returning to the current territory of Mongolia to live in their traditional way of life. Perpetuate tribal clashes between rival clans and a civil war between Khalkha (east) and Oyrats (west) will follow from 1400 to 1454.
The death of Tamerlane in 1405, then leader of the Mongol empire, breeds end of the unity of the peoples of the steppe. Anarchy begins and only the arrival of Dayan Khan (1488-1543), and then his son Altan Khan (1543-1582?) Which will recreate a certain unity among tribes Khalkha. The control of Mongolia is taken by these people (Khalkha), which attempts to renew the greatness of the Mongolian Empire by entering a war to reconquer the territories under Chinese domination of the Ming dynasty.
In 1571, Altan Khan signs a treaty with the Chinese in order to concentrate its troops to the south (region of Tibet). On that occasion the Mongolian people in contact with Buddhism. It embrace this religion.
